Hepatitis B and Pregnancy: Expert Shares Tips For Safe Deliveries (Image Credits: iStock)
Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It poses significant health risks, especially during pregnancy. Addressing hepatitis B in expectant mothers is crucial to ensure safe deliveries and healthy newborns. Dr Nivedita Raizada, Senior Consultant-Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosewalk by Rainbow Hospitals shares transmission, impact, and management of hepatitis B during pregnancy.
Transmission of Hepatitis B from Mother to Child
Dr Nivedita Raizada explains hepatitis B can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during childbirth, a process known as vertical transmission. This can occur through exposure to the mother’s blood and bodily fluids during delivery. The risk of transmission is particularly high if the mother has a high viral load or is positive for the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg).
Impact of Hepatitis B on Pregnancy and Newborns
Hepatitis B can affect both maternal and neonatal health. For the mother, it can lead to liver complications, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, she explains. Pregnant women with hepatitis B are also at a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes and preterm labour. For newborns, the risk of chronic hepatitis B infection is significant if they are exposed to the virus at birth. Chronic infection can lead to long-term liver damage and other serious health issues.
Preventive Measures and Management Tips To Follow During Pregnancy
Dr Nivedita Raizada explains that preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B is possible with proper screening and management. Pregnant women should be screened for hepatitis B early in their pregnancy. If a woman tests positive, antiviral treatments can be administered to reduce the viral load and the risk of transmission. These treatments are generally safe and effective.
Post-Delivery Care for Mothers and Newborns
After delivery, immediate care is essential to prevent hepatitis B transmission to the newborn. Administering the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Long-term monitoring of both mother and child is crucial to manage any potential health issues. Regular follow-ups and vaccinations are key components of post-delivery care.
Hepatitis B in India: Current Scenario and Challenges
In India, the prevalence of hepatitis B among pregnant women is estimated to be around 1.6 per cent. Despite this relatively low prevalence, the large population means a significant number of women and newborns are affected. Challenges in India include limited access to healthcare, lack of awareness, and insufficient vaccination coverage. Addressing these barriers is essential to improve outcomes for mothers and their babies. Ensuring safe deliveries and healthy newborns in the context of hepatitis B requires a comprehensive approach. Early screening, effective antiviral treatments, and proper post-delivery care are critical.
In India, overcoming healthcare barriers and increasing awareness can make a significant difference. By prioritizing the health of pregnant women and their babies, we can work towards a future free from the burden of hepatitis B.
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